= Js_of_ocaml =

== Overview ==

Js_of_ocaml is a compiler from OCaml bytecode programs to JavaScript.
It makes it possible to run pure OCaml programs in JavaScript environment
like browsers and Node.js. It is easy to install as it works with an
existing installation of OCaml, with no need to recompile any library.
It comes with bindings for a large part of the browser APIs.
According to our benchmarks, the generated programs
<<a_manual chapter="performances" |runs typically faster>> than with
the OCaml bytecode interpreter.  We believe this compiler will prove
much easier to maintain than a retargeted OCaml compiler, as the
bytecode provides a very stable API.

Js_of_ocaml is composed of multiple packages:
  * js_of_ocaml-compiler, the compiler.
  * js_of_ocaml-ppx, the ppx syntax extension (recommended).
  * js_of_ocaml-camlp4, the camlp4 syntax extension (deprecated).
  * js_of_ocaml, the base library.
  * js_of_ocaml-ocamlbuild, an ocamlbuild plugin to compile to
    javascript.
  * js_of_ocaml-lwt, lwt support.
  * js_of_ocaml-tyxml, tyxml support.
  * js_of_ocaml-toplevel, lib and tools to build an ocaml toplevel to
    javascript.

== Installation

The easiest way to install js_of_ocaml is to use opam.
{{{opam install js_of_ocaml js_of_ocaml-ppx js_of_ocaml-lwt}}}

For alternatives, see <<a_manual chapter="install" |Install>>.

== Usage ==

  Your program must first be compiled using the OCaml bytecode
  compiler {{{ocamlc}}}.  JavaScript bindings are provided by the
  {{{js_of_ocaml}}} package and the syntax extension by the
  {{{js_of_ocaml-ppx}}} package (or {{{js_of_ocaml-camlp4}}})
{{{
      ocamlfind ocamlc -package js_of_ocaml -package js_of_ocaml-ppx \
          -linkpkg -o cubes.byte cubes.ml
}}}
  Then, run the {{{js_of_ocaml}}} compiler to produce JavaScript code:
{{{
      js_of_ocaml cubes.byte
}}}

=== with ocamlbuild and oasis ===
  Js_of_ocaml also provide an ocamlbuild plugin.
  See [[../api/js_of_ocaml-ocamlbuild/index.html|Ocamlbuild_js_of_ocaml]].

=== with dune ===
  Dune has native support for js_of_ocaml.
  It support both standard and separate compilation of javascript
  files. See https://dune.readthedocs.io/en/latest/jsoo.html

=== toplevel ===
You can find an OCaml toplevel running in the browser <<a_file src="toplevel/index.html" |here>>.

== Supported features ==

Most of the OCaml standard library is supported. However,
  * Weak semantic cannot be implemented using JavaScript.
    A dummy implementation is provided.
  * Most of Sys module is not supported.

Extra libraries distributed with Ocaml (such as Thread) are not
supported in general. However,
  * Bigarray: bigarray are supported using Typed Arrays
  * Num: supported
  * Str: supported
  * Graphics: partially supported using canvas (see also js_of_ocaml-lwt.graphics)
  * Unix: time related functions are supported

Tail call is not optimized in general. However, mutually recursive
functions are optimized:
  * self recursive functions (when the tail calls are the function itself) are
    compiled using a loop.
  * trampolines are used otherwise.
<<a_manual chapter="tailcall" |More about tail call optimization>>.

Data representation differs from the usual one. Most notably,
integers are 32 bits (rather than 31 bits or 63 bits), which is their
natural size in JavaScript, and floats are not boxed.  As a
consequence, marshalling, polymorphic comparison, and hashing
functions can yield results different from usual:
  * marshalling of floats is not supported (unmarshalling works);
  * the polymorphic hash function will not give the same results on
    datastructures containing floats;
  * these functions may be more prone to stack overflow.

Note that float rounding is slightly different between native and
JavaScript.  Both round to nearest but resolve the tie
differently. Javascript resolves the tie away from zero while libc
resolves the tee to even.
